CONTEXTField conditions and systems being assessed
Model Applications
Storm Surge Flooding
Global climate change has influenced the frequency and intensity of coastal storm events in Indonesian waters.
- Evidence-led
- Traceable assumptions
- Decision-ready outputs
- Methods proportionate to risk
Visual Leaflet
One-Page Visual Summary for Quick Briefing
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- Presentation-ready visual
- Supports quick briefing
- Highlights value and study focus
- Easy to reopen as reference
Use this leaflet as a concise visual entry point before moving into the more detailed technical explanation.
ANALYSISIntegrated data, methods, and modelling
DECISIONVisual outputs and actionable recommendations
Executive Brief
Clarity before a decision is made
01Evidence-led
02Traceable assumptions
03Decision-ready outputs
04Methods proportionate to risk
Executive Brief
Storm Surge Flooding
Clarity before a decision is made
Global climate change has influenced the frequency and intensity of coastal storm events in Indonesian waters.
These large waves are generated by strong winds acting over the sea surface and may damage both permanent and semi-permanent coastal infrastructure. Storm surge flooding may persist for either short or extended periods, depending on coastal topography and wave intensity.
Decision Supported
Define the approach, priorities, and actions for storm surge flooding using traceable evidence.
Risk Controlled
Environmental impact, design failure, operational disruption, uncontrolled cost, and weak assumptions.
Success Criteria
Comparable options, quantified risk, and implementable recommendations.
Analysis Scope
What is assessed and why it matters
Flood sources and pathways
This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for storm surge flooding.
Tides, waves, tsunamis, and storms
This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for storm surge flooding.
Topography, bathymetry, and drainage
This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for storm surge flooding.
Depth, duration, and exposed area
This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for storm surge flooding.
Climate and extreme-event scenarios
This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for storm surge flooding.
Protection and evacuation priorities
This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for storm surge flooding.
Data & Methods
A traceable evidence base
Observations
Field surveys, in-situ measurements, laboratory results, historical records, and operating information as required.
Remote sensing & GIS
Satellite imagery, mapping, spatial analysis, temporal change, and integration of multiple data sources.
Modeling & scenarios
Model setup, calibration, validation, existing–planned–extreme scenarios, and sensitivity analysis.
Quality assurance
Metadata, quality controls, assumptions, limitations, data versions, and processing lineage are documented.
Core Deliverables
Decision-ready information
Initial assessment & data gaps
Objectives, study area, available data, additional needs, initial risks, and recommended level of detail.
Datasets, maps & indicators
Quality-controlled data, thematic maps, time series, indicators, and comparable visualizations.
Scenarios & risk evaluation
Comparison of existing conditions, alternatives, extremes, sensitivities, consequences, and mitigation options.
Report & executive brief
Methods, results, limitations, recommendations, action priorities, and stakeholder presentation materials.
Decision Value
Benefits for decision makers and policy leaders
Reduce uncertainty
Assumptions, data, variability, and limitations are stated so decision risk is not hidden.
Compare options objectively
Alternative locations, designs, operations, or policies are assessed using consistent indicators.
Optimize cost and time
Data needs and analysis depth are proportionate to risk so resources are used efficiently.
Increase stakeholder confidence
Findings and recommendations are transparent for technical, management, regulatory, and partner review.
Delivery Path
A clear process from need to recommendation
- 01
Need definition
Objectives, users, location, project phase, problems, constraints, and the decision to support.
- 02
Scope & work plan
Methods, data, surveys, models, schedule, team, deliverables, review gates, and resource estimate.
- 03
Acquisition & quality control
Collection, inspection, harmonization, documentation, and data-sufficiency assessment.
- 04
Analysis & scenario testing
Processing, modeling, validation, option comparison, sensitivity, and risk evaluation.
- 05
Recommendation & handover
Maps, report, executive brief, presentation, supporting data, and follow-up plan.
Full technical basis and contextOpen this section to read the complete source technical narrative.
Global climate change has influenced the frequency and intensity of coastal storm events in Indonesian waters. Severe local windstorms, commonly known as whirlwinds or tornado-like winds, occasionally affect coastal regions throughout Indonesia. Although these events are often associated with the outer circulation of large tropical storms located outside Indonesian waters, they can generate high waves that strike the coastline, causing severe coastal flooding and shoreline damage.
These large waves are generated by strong winds acting over the sea surface and may damage both permanent and semi-permanent coastal infrastructure. Storm surge flooding may persist for either short or extended periods, depending on coastal topography and wave intensity. In low-lying coastal areas located below the surrounding terrain, floodwaters may remain for a longer duration. Likewise, stronger wave energy can drive seawater farther inland, increasing the extent of coastal inundation. Repeated storm surge events can significantly erode beaches and alter coastal morphology. Over time, areas experiencing frequent storm surge flooding may undergo substantial shoreline retreat and long-term coastline changes.
The primary module used to simulate storm surge flooding is the wave modeling module, with the Boussinesq Wave Model providing highly realistic simulations of wind-generated wave transformation in nearshore environments. Additional wave models—including the Spectral Wave Model, Shallow Water Spectral Wave Model, Parabolic Mild Slope Model, Elliptic Mild Slope Model, Wave Refraction–Diffraction Model, and Wave Analysis Tools—are used to evaluate wave characteristics associated with storm surge events. The Hydrodynamic Model is incorporated to simulate sea level variations resulting from tidal forcing and storm-induced water level changes.
Storm surge flooding may also produce significant changes in coastal morphology. These changes can be analyzed using the Coastal Morphology Model, Littoral Process Model, and Shoreline Dynamics Model, which simulate coastal erosion, sediment transport, and long-term shoreline evolution. Outputs from all simulation modules can be integrated into a Marine Geographic Information System (Marine GIS) to provide comprehensive visualization, spatial analysis, and decision-support information.
Next Step
Share the need, location, available data, and the decision to be supported.
The CORZ team will review the objective, scope, data availability, risk level, schedule, and required outputs to prepare a proportionate approach.
Useful initial information
- Location and project phase
- Decision or objective to support
- Primary problems and risks
- Available data
- Expected outputs and schedule