Wave Refraction–Diffraction illustration by CORZ
Modeling Modules

Wave Refraction–Diffraction

The Wave Refraction–Diffraction Module is an integrated wave modeling framework that combines several wave modules, including the Spectral Wave Model, the Shallow-Water Spectral Wave Model, the Parabolic…

  • Evidence-led
  • Traceable assumptions
  • Decision-ready outputs
  • Methods proportionate to risk
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Visual Leaflet

One-Page Visual Summary for Quick Briefing

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  • Highlights value and study focus
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Use this leaflet as a concise visual entry point before moving into the more detailed technical explanation.

Wave Refraction–Diffraction visual
CONTEXTField conditions and systems being assessed
Modeling Modules visual
ANALYSISIntegrated data, methods, and modelling
Hydrodynamic Module visual
DECISIONVisual outputs and actionable recommendations
Executive Brief

Clarity before a decision is made

01Evidence-led
02Traceable assumptions
03Decision-ready outputs
04Methods proportionate to risk
Executive Brief

Wave Refraction–Diffraction

Clarity before a decision is made

The Wave Refraction–Diffraction Module is an integrated wave modeling framework that combines several wave modules, including the Spectral Wave Model, the Shallow-Water Spectral Wave Model, the Parabolic…

This module is designed to support detailed analysis of the key factors that control wave refraction and diffraction. Wave-generating forces may vary, and each simulation can apply different assumptions and mathematical formulations depending on the modeling objective, domain scale, and wave conditions.

Wave Refraction–Diffraction visual
⌁01

Decision Supported

Define when and how to use wave refraction–diffraction, including required data, configuration, validation, and scenarios.

Modeling Modules visual
◉02

Risk Controlled

Non-representative models, insufficient data, weak validation, and over-interpretation.

Hydrodynamic Module visual
≈03

Success Criteria

Transparent, validated models that respond to scenarios at the decision scale.

Analysis Scope

What is assessed and why it matters

Advection–Dispersion Module visual
⌁01

Represented physical or biogeochemical processes

This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for wave refraction–diffraction.

Bottom Sediment Transport Module visual
◉02

Domain, grid, resolution, and time scale

This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for wave refraction–diffraction.

Water Column Sediment Transport Module visual
≈03

Forcing, boundaries, and initial conditions

This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for wave refraction–diffraction.

Coastal Morphology Module visual
◇04

Parameterization, calibration, and validation

This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for wave refraction–diffraction.

Particle Tracking Module visual
↗05

Scenarios, sensitivity, and uncertainty

This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for wave refraction–diffraction.

Oil Spill Analysis Module visual
◎06

Limitations and fitness for use

This aspect is assessed to clarify its implications for wave refraction–diffraction.

Data & Methods

A traceable evidence base

Ecosystem Model visual
⌁01

Observations

Field surveys, in-situ measurements, laboratory results, historical records, and operating information as required.

Survey visual
◉02

Remote sensing & GIS

Satellite imagery, mapping, spatial analysis, temporal change, and integration of multiple data sources.

Data Processing visual
≈03

Modeling & scenarios

Model setup, calibration, validation, existing–planned–extreme scenarios, and sensitivity analysis.

Wave Refraction–Diffraction visual
◇04

Quality assurance

Metadata, quality controls, assumptions, limitations, data versions, and processing lineage are documented.

Core Deliverables

Decision-ready information

Modeling Modules visual
⌁01

Initial assessment & data gaps

Objectives, study area, available data, additional needs, initial risks, and recommended level of detail.

Hydrodynamic Module visual
◉02

Datasets, maps & indicators

Quality-controlled data, thematic maps, time series, indicators, and comparable visualizations.

Advection–Dispersion Module visual
≈03

Scenarios & risk evaluation

Comparison of existing conditions, alternatives, extremes, sensitivities, consequences, and mitigation options.

Bottom Sediment Transport Module visual
◇04

Report & executive brief

Methods, results, limitations, recommendations, action priorities, and stakeholder presentation materials.

Decision Value

Benefits for decision makers and policy leaders

Water Column Sediment Transport Module visual
⌁01

Reduce uncertainty

Assumptions, data, variability, and limitations are stated so decision risk is not hidden.

Coastal Morphology Module visual
◉02

Compare options objectively

Alternative locations, designs, operations, or policies are assessed using consistent indicators.

Particle Tracking Module visual
≈03

Optimize cost and time

Data needs and analysis depth are proportionate to risk so resources are used efficiently.

Oil Spill Analysis Module visual
◇04

Increase stakeholder confidence

Findings and recommendations are transparent for technical, management, regulatory, and partner review.

Delivery Path

A clear process from need to recommendation

  1. Wave Refraction–Diffraction visual
    01

    Need definition

    Objectives, users, location, project phase, problems, constraints, and the decision to support.

  2. Modeling Modules visual
    02

    Scope & work plan

    Methods, data, surveys, models, schedule, team, deliverables, review gates, and resource estimate.

  3. Survey visual
    03

    Acquisition & quality control

    Collection, inspection, harmonization, documentation, and data-sufficiency assessment.

  4. Data Processing visual
    04

    Analysis & scenario testing

    Processing, modeling, validation, option comparison, sensitivity, and risk evaluation.

  5. Modeling Modules visual
    05

    Recommendation & handover

    Maps, report, executive brief, presentation, supporting data, and follow-up plan.

Full technical basis and contextOpen this section to read the complete source technical narrative.

The Wave Refraction–Diffraction Module is an integrated wave modeling framework that combines several wave modules, including the Spectral Wave Model, the Shallow-Water Spectral Wave Model, the Parabolic Mild-Slope Wave Model for large-area applications, and the Elliptic Mild-Slope Wave Model for smaller domains such as harbors.

This module is designed to support detailed analysis of the key factors that control wave refraction and diffraction. Wave-generating forces may vary, and each simulation can apply different assumptions and mathematical formulations depending on the modeling objective, domain scale, and wave conditions.

The combination of wave forcing, selected assumptions, and appropriate formulations enables users to analyze wave refraction and diffraction patterns, as well as their propagation behavior. The simulation is useful for developing suitable scenarios to represent short-period and long-period wave transformation. The resulting wave refraction and diffraction conditions depend on the size of the model domain and the mathematical formulation used.

The required input data depend on the selected wave-generating forces and modeling assumptions. More detailed input requirements can be referred to in the related modules, including the Spectral Wave Model, Shallow-Water Spectral Wave Model, Parabolic Mild-Slope Wave Model for large domains, and Elliptic Mild-Slope Wave Model for limited-area domains such as harbors.

Next Step

Share the need, location, available data, and the decision to be supported.

The CORZ team will review the objective, scope, data availability, risk level, schedule, and required outputs to prepare a proportionate approach.

Submit a Project Need →Send TOR / SOW
Useful initial information
  • Location and project phase
  • Decision or objective to support
  • Primary problems and risks
  • Available data
  • Expected outputs and schedule
Value for Decision Makers

Planning a coastal or ocean project?

Share the location, objectives, key challenges, available data, and expected outputs. The CORZ team will help define a proportionate technical approach.

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